Examining Individual Behaviors towards Inclusive and Diverse Leadership in Universities: A Study on Attitudes and Perceptions

Abstract

This study examines how behaviors of influential and affected participants contribute to an inclusive workplace climate and how leadership diversity impacts university performance. Using a cross-sectional survey, data were collected from employees at various Pakistani universities via a self-administered online questionnaire comprising Likert-scale items on leadership diversity, engagement, and workplace behavior. The sample included 100 respondents, most aged 18–25 (36%) and predominantly male (56%). Results reveal a strong need for institutions to strengthen leadership skills, adopt inclusive leadership styles, improve communication, and actively promote diversity. Findings show apparent gaps in leadership effectiveness and representation, underscoring the importance of increasing diversity in leadership positions. The study recommends that higher education institutions prioritize inclusive leadership development, enhance communication practices, and implement meaningful diversity and inclusion initiatives.